Essayedge

Essayedge So trying out an internet site that writes essays for you free could be a very good concept. It ought to be borne in mind, nonetheless, that the actualization of a number of academic positive aspects necessitates common apply. Furthermore, you need to understand why the writing solutions provided by a free essays author work and whether they apply to your particular case. Do you see your self someplace within the 8 causes listed above? If the answer is sure, you’ll soon expertise all the benefits that come with ordering essays from excessive-high quality providers. Of course, all these benefits come if you pick the right writing service. Use our essay writer service to turn out to be faster and save time on the activities that really deliver you pleasure and pleasure. We will take care of the issues that make your pupil life unbearable. Our average satisfaction rate is 8.5/10, you need to use this statistic to foretell yours. We have a staff of skilled customized essay writers, in a position to create a paper from scratch. They work onerous to complete all orders according to particular person requirements given by clients. You can be sure that a paper could be a hundred% authentic and written especially for you. When you realize who writes your papers, you’ll know if the worth you’re paying is justified with their work and experience. We write premium quality papers by speaking with the client on a regular basis â€" before, throughout, and after an assignment. Ideas are exchanged first, and suggestions is gathered every step of the way! We serve our shoppers diligently and assure instant help for your convenience. Instead, we provide free essay writing help in the type of samples' library, writing guides, and actionable ideas. Alternatively, you'll be able to contact our Customer Managers and get an in depth consultation relating to the paid providers we offer, nuances of the ordering process or request a free value quote. The benefits of free online pattern databases stem from the fact that you obtain a possibility to be taught by instance. For instance, you can see how argumentative essays are structured; or how APA/MLA papers are formatted; or what the titles of trigger & effect essays are articulated. We counsel you don’t rely on faith alone and use the help of our professionals. Hopefully, this text helped you understand essay writers a bit higher. With the help of those writing teams, college students are able to get better grades and business owners can promote their projects rather more efficiently. The writers of essentially the most proficient firms are fairly talented and prepared to collaborate. You give them an opening idea and so they take it beyond your expectations. XpertWriters.com is among the many providers that enable you to hire an online essay author. One of the largest worries college students have after they make use of a paper writing service to do their tasks is that somebody will discover out they didn’t write the paper on their own. Rush-my-essay is considered a fast essay writing service. Ordering papers online is usually the one resolution for international college students. If you’re one of them, you know the way onerous it is to meet the tutorial writing standards. You attempt to maintain correct grammar and elegance, but something is off and your professor takes it as a flaw. It is greatest to order ahead to get essentially the most reasonably priced charges. But, even when you order a couple of hours earlier than the deadline clock ends, we’ll have it ready for you. Every reason is an effective sufficient cause to hire an essay author. We offer to write essays for cash to be able to sleep by way of the night time, have a day off, or reunite along with your family and friends after an extended interval of learning. We are often known as the best essay writing service for a cause â€" we will deal with every thing you throw at us. We’ll do the unimaginable analysis, meet each ridiculous requirement of your teacher, and ship it when you need it. If by 'free consultation' you imply talking to knowledgeable essay author concerning the writing craft, then no, we do not have such an option out there in the intervening time. Rush Essay is the custom essay service that set the requirements within the writing business. It’s a worldwide authority recognized for consideration to detail, utmost high quality, limitless revisions, and a user-pleasant experience. We’ve been round since 1997, so we know what college students need. We keep updating our providers, so we are able to cater to the needs of scholars in any respect levels.

Essay Writing

Essay Writing All writers are open to speaking with you at any time in case you have questions or additional directions. Our writers are professionals within the respective disciplines. Every author takes on these duties that match their educational background and information. Those clients who are super demanded can ensure their project is ideal by way of grammar and spelling by ordering extra proofreading. We know that it's sometimes complicated to decide on an author for your paper. Give custom writing a try and you’ll by no means wish to return to doing papers by yourself. Check out a few of the main perks of utilizing our service. Thinking exterior the field pays off with more free time and above-common grades. For all the students having final-minute orders, we guarantee to write down your essay in 1 hour if you’re in a rut. Order any type of highschool or school paper, and it is going to be carried out duly. One hour is greater than sufficient for an expert to meet your paper nicely and on time. If you don’t need to get into writer’s block, then you must hire a pro essay author to help you out. Because of this, we strive to make such a choice easier for you. We have plenty of wonderful features that can help you make the proper selection. If you might be on the lookout for expert and experienced writers who know what they do, you must look no more. Students who attempt to reach their academic objectives usually flip for our skilled assist and get precisely what they need. If you are additionally looking for a dependable custom writing firm with a flawless reputation, you've come to the best place! Nobody will ever know that you've got turned for us to get customized essay writing help. We always verify each paper for high quality and plagiarism before we send them to the purchasers. First, the author will review the draft and ensure that the knowledge is cited properly. Among such extras is an Abstract page that shortly sums up the paper’s major ideas. Besides, we can give you a plagiarism report back to prove your project’s full uniqueness. You also can order an outline, reference record, and desk of contents. If charts or diagrams are required, ask your writer to add such supplies to your paper. Just fill in an order form, and we guarantee that we are going to make you glad. We suggest numerous benefits to our clients so that students know that they can always depend on us. It is essential for us to by no means promise what we can not do. We guarantee that our clients’ non-public info stays safe and safe with our service. A personal writer in your academic field will draw up a new essay for you inside an hour. If there are several days out there, order a brand new essay for affordable stress-free. If it bothers you, we would like to give you another answer. Recruit a skilled author in your subject who’ll do the duty for you right now. When buying affordable papers from us, you'll be able to select some additional distinctive options to make your expertise with us even higher. Only skilled educational authors, every holding a Master’s or Doctorate diploma in a topic subject that you just want. Paying on your essay is at all times safe and confidential. In addition, you need to use an internet service similar to Discover to pay in your paper.

Essay Writing Service, Essay Writing Service Uk, Essay Help

Essay Writing Service, Essay Writing Service Uk, Essay Help We assure that your paper will be composed, checked, and delivered a little earlier than you requested deadline. This offers you time to check it and ship it again for a revision, if essential. However, each of them must show excellent grammar data. We examine writers’ diplomas to make sure that they have the required background. Writers need to be able to research and write about any subject, even these which might be unfamiliar. Research expertise are a core part of the professional author’s toolbox. Because many writers are freelancers or self-employed, they must be self-motivated and determined, taking a strategic approach to touchdown new shoppers and producing strong supplies. Although some writers are born nice, most require experience, training and coaching to become proficient at their craft. Learn extra about a number of the qualities writers should possess, the instruments they use in their day by day work, and credentials they will earn to develop new expertise and advance in their careers. Grant writers work with nonprofit and public organizations to research and write proposals to receive funding from government businesses, charities, and private foundations. Like a matchmaker, grant writers need to find funding alternatives that align with the mission, actions and targets of the group they're making an attempt to fund. The writers there are skillful, humble, passionate, teaching and tutoring from private experience, and exited to indicate you the way in which. What they teach you will assist you to improve your grades. Our top writers are designated to complete full programs. Not all writers work as or want to be novelists, poets or authors. Writing is a particularly various occupational area with multi-faceted profession paths. These programs serve as an introduction to the examine of writing and literature. Typically serving as a bridge to a PhD program, literacy studies is a versatile course of study for college kids looking for careers in publishing, professional writing or enhancing. The National Writers Association is a membership-based mostly group that supports writers across the nation and provides networking and workshopping alternatives through local chapters. The American Society of Journalists and Authors is a national organization for unbiased nonfiction writers and has more than 1,100 members who work as freelancers. Professional improvement and persevering with education are two essential elements of profession advancement and talent building for writers. Certification applications are one way for writers to specialize of their careers, achieve experience and qualify for new alternatives. Writers depend on conventional and new know-how to conduct research and produce written materials. Below is a sample list of a number of the tools and technology writers may use of their day-to-day work. This is one of the simplest ways to get through your course with the least amount of effort. Even essentially the most excellent essay is unnecessary when it’s delivered too late. There isn’t a single path to becoming a writer, which is one of the main benefits of the career. Yet, two-thirds of writers are self-employed freelancers and the information below outlines example steps somebody can take to turn out to be a author. Using their command of the widespread language of their audience, writers conceptualize, analysis, write, and edit polished manuscripts, poems, articles, and other kinds of written content material. In their role, they might work across genres, from nonfiction to poetry, fiction to satire. In a enterprise environment, writers may go as copywriters, technical writers, blog and have writers, and as editors. Even should you had probably the most demanding job that took up most of your waking hours, you'd at all times find time to pen something down. Even should you misplaced every thing in this world, one of the first belongings you would get could be a pen and paper. Something could come out while you sleep…so why not write it down. At first writer’s block hits you and all you see is a clean page. The curriculum offers an outline of composition, business writing, grammar and rhetoric, and language theory. Through this curriculum, students develop abilities in critical writing, research and analysis.

Get Help From A Professional Essay Writer

Get Help From A Professional Essay Writer With her experience of 5 years, she will be able to easily and professionally write reports on all laptop science and engineering programs. You can take her assist for Masters and PhD stage technical stories as nicely. Despite several different necessities, it was delivered in top quality and on time as nicely. Our high-high quality educational papers will allow you to glide via your educational journey. Once I was to complete five totally different papers for one evening. It means that you can request to work with a local English speaker if this point is essential for you or use the assistance of those that have English as their second language. You can choose the class of a writer through the means of filling out an order type. A heading is much more than a formatted textual content and therefor visible look. We’ll recruit a premium writer who’ll write you a superb essay and fulfill your order on the identical day. If you’re in an excellent hurry, then we’re the experts to ask for help. We might help you with your essays as all phases in your training to the very best of standards through specialists that can know precisely what is being looked for in your writing. We provide up to date help by way of extremely skilled and skilled postgraduate degree holders that will be capable of assist you with writing a number of the finest essays you'll ever submit. Accuracy and understanding is all the time guaranteed if you work with our postgraduate qualified nursing experts. Your data is totally protected and safe with us because of our privacy coverage. Remember not to fear from your essays, Buy College Paper on-line, get skilled’s help and you're all set to go for an ideal essay. Customer satisfaction is our greatest precedence, and due to this fact we attempt our best to serve you with the best providers. Do you sleep late because of your faculty essays and nonetheless get no outcomes? We can help you out in crafting your essays which implies just say goodbye to sleepless nights. They will guarantee your essays are of the best possible quality on this subject. This is a subject that requires cautious thought when writing your essays in addition to an in depth information of the subject. After you've hooked the reader, it is very important give context that can assist your reader understand your argument. This would possibly contain offering background information, giving an summary of important academic work or debates on the topic, and explaining tough terms. Don’t present too much element within the introductionâ€"you possibly can elaborate within the physique of your essay. Meeting desperate deadlines is another factor that we do up to par. Make an order now, and we’ll do it in a few hours. With us you'll at all times work with one of the best so that your essay might be worthy of the best outcomes. We provide you with a fully certified professional in the area of law, after all you can not count on just anybody to put in writing on this highly complicated topic area. They supply insightful and correct essays simply as you need them. You’ll always find a representative to answer your questions and help you during any stage of your order. Essay writing service offers the next guidelines when formatting the third heading in Microsoft Word. How to write down an essay introduction A nice introduction sparks your reader's curiosity, provides background information in your topic, and sets up the aim of your essay. High college essays are often 500 phrases, however graduate essays can be 5000 words or extra. Our clients additionally use a easy tracking system that offers them insights within the status of their order. Plus, you possibly can contact your author directly by way of the particular messaging system. According to our responders, Essayfactory is alleged to be the best Essay Writing Sites for UK and Australian citizens. This we understand is as a result of most of their writers and shoppers are English. So the clients at all times prefer their jobs carried out utilizing UK English. If I didn’t discover this site, I’d probably be already expelled. Fortunately, I managed to satisfy the deadline with the help of this service. A textual content that's in bold, italics, underlined or colored doesn't cross off as a heading, quite a heading must be a mixture of texts that summarize the essay. In the occasion a author needs to use one textual content as a heading, they should be sure that it's particular. This is the third â€"stage heading that acts as a run-in to the paragraph they introduce. The high quality of content material provided by the web site â€" Although the looks of the web site may be attractive, however in some instances, the content may not match the standard required by the consumer. So, you shouldn't solely verify the standard of the but in addition the content. corresponding to bachelor, and administration levels is predicated on these grades, however in addition they matter within the quality of the organization, the place you get a job after completion of your education. Once you place your order online, you aren't needed to turn into worried in regards to the information you shared with us.

Pro Essay Writer

Pro Essay Writer When all you need is to easily have a good rest can be understandable. 2000 Master diploma-holders may write you a paper in any of these topics. Leave text messages, have answers from your writer, and be within the loop relating to the present order progress. We by no means share any personal or payment data with third events. Everyone will acknowledge you as the unique author of all of the great essays you submit. EssayPro essays are NOT supposed to be forwarded as finalized work as it is only strictly meant for use for research and study functions. To turn into part of our group, the candidates need to cross English proficiency tests in addition to those on the disciplines they're about to cowl. Most of our specialists hold grasp’s and PhD levels and are specialists in academic writing. Pay for an essay now and get a a hundred% distinctive paper in 1 hour. EssayPro doesn't endorse or condone any sort of plagiarism. With your easy-to-use in-app chat, you can keep in touch with the writer. Feel free to pass any last-minute requests or requirements you forgot about to the chosen author. The ability to write any assignment kind in any area. On Instagram, we share the freshest scholar memes daily! Unlimited revisions are free for as much as a month if a paper is long and sophisticated. If it’s an essay, then you'll be able to enjoy free unlimited revisions inside 2 weeks. Receiving a brand new order, we first and foremost instruct a author to carry out unique subject research that is always based mostly on requested sources. Hiring an essay helper is totally okay if you’re drained after a day within the school or have work to do. Give us no less than 6 hours, and we’ll write you a 100% unique essay in accordance with order instructions. Message us “write me an essay” now, and we are going to choose a perfect match for your demand among the main school experts. Plus, you're a human being with private wants and private life. And that’s not all; you'll be able to order any paper by simply sending a DM. Be the first one to learn about all of the EssayPro updates, giveaways, and seasonal reductions for students. To ensure you get only top-notch papers, we ask you to give us at least 6 hours. A service that is primarily based on quality doesn’t mechanically suggest a price sky-excessive. For example, Pay For Essay presents a quite reasonably priced service that can match into any finances. Note that just about 60% of assignments are carried out before the deadline. Every paper is double-checked for plagiarism and grammar mistakes on completion. Smart time-management is a necessity for every learner. Not each scholar can master the artwork of academic writing. There is nothing to be ashamed of in case expressing your thoughts and ideas utilizing a formal language becomes an inconceivable task certainly. Add extra instructions out of your Personal area. A author will take a look at new requirements and comply with them too. The current standing of your paper and the estimated time left till completion could possibly be tracked out of your Personal space with the site after the order has been positioned. Communicate with your writer through our safe Message Board. EssayPro has been around for a long time and has gained a great reputation among students. The reply is - yes, utilizing bank cards on our platform is safe and secure. We continually improve our providers, and our Customer Service Department is not any exception. The only method to turn out to be better is to take heed to our prospects, so we are at all times prepared on your suggestions.

Top Essay Writers @ Essaygator

Top Essay Writers @ Essaygator When you order the essay, you are able to do so on the comfort of your own house due to the internet. If you qualify for disabled students allowance , ask your DSA assessor about essaywriter. Why not obtain your 30 day free trial while you wait. Of course, you possibly can stick with the primary possibility, but then there's the question of how long will you have enough power to satisfy the demands of a most course load? A optimistic outcome may only occur should you become a robot that doesn't require rest. Your private data will be used solely to notify you concerning the writing course of and ship your order on time. Don’t know tips on how to keep away from plagiarism when paraphrasing? Wow, I guess you understand my mom higher than I do ahah. I guess Im simply not very good at describing folks. This was the first time I needed to do a classification essay and I was just at a loss. Or you possibly can fill out an order type and await our rep to contact you. Revisions are potential throughout 2 weeks after the order supply. Our objective is to ensure skilled credibility and give you certified essay help you can trust. You can send messages to Support and your writer to track the progress of your order. You get a secure paper writing assist that nobody will ever discover out about. The high customer satisfaction fee is the initially purpose in your belief. We can go on and on about our guarantees, making an attempt to show the purpose, but nothing speaks better about our essay service expertise than customer evaluations. Their honest testimonials are the proofs of essay service reliability and competence for you and the source of inspiration for our group. First, notify us about your intentions to purchase a paper. You can send us a message via email, messenger, or on-line chatbox. Choose type of paper, amount of pages, reference type, academic degree and your deadline. We use two plagiarism detection methods to ensure each work is a hundred% original. This essay was an enormous deal this semester and I completely forgot about it until it was too late. If it weren't for you I would probably have needed to miss my brother's wedding ceremony. Your writer will investigate the subject to make sure not a single side of it's overlooked. When you order an essay with us, you're assured to receive a novel paper written in the best traditions of your chosen style. With us, you don’t need to worry similarities with different work. Essay Writer helps the student to create work that precisely reflects their ideas concerning the topic, and supports them in reviewing and publishing their essays. covers the complete essay lifecycle; brainstorm, research, reference, write, construction, restructure, evaluate and publish. If you place a revision request inside 31 days of receiving the finished solution, we will provide revision and rework services at no cost. Get free revisions at AllEssayWriter.com, and rating topmost grades. You get well timed assistance together with your paper and a stable guarantee of a profitable outcome. It allows you to obtain a 5% cashback for every order you place. When you buy your first paper with us, you'll instantly get a 15% low cost. No matter the number of papers you order with us, 5% of the value of each order will all the time be returned to you as a bonus. Use your bonuses right away or save them for a rainy day - it’s completely up to you. When you write the essay on your own, you continue to have to go to the library to research in your chosen matter to discuss, etc. We take solely an authentic and fresh method â€" that's our motto. Write the essay by themselves or order an essay from a service.

Custom Essay

Custom Essay Using our file sharing software, you can edit essays and papers in real-time. Essays are important in life, say it faculty, college or past that. The late submission grades could be misplaced unnecessarily and that might make a huge effect within the final grade of the task. It is important to notice that whether or not the web site is well maintained and up to date frequently. Further, whenever you ask for a revision, both they might ask for more cash or do not get back to you. Along with this, proofreading and editing need to be up to the mark. All these ought to be monitored appropriately to extend effectivity and produce out a way of trust. Customer critiques ought to be mentioned on the web site and rectification steps taken. It must be talked about as paper writing service evaluations creates a powerful company presence. As a end result, you could get a low grade and it will affect your future. In addition to that, the writers may not observe instructions given for the task that may again result in a low grade. I never thought I was going to say this however I can advocate utilizing writing companies from now on. I’m surprised but I’m fully pleased with the essay I got and don’t even have to ask for revisions. You can learn varied articles that you can find really useful in content creation. Essaymama's Writing Blog offers interesting insights in addition to suggestions to help essay writers and online customers enhance their work. For the benefit of our readers, we provide you with fresh, helpful and informative content regularly. In this way, clients get an in-depth perception into the company's skilled attributes. To sum it up, earlier than hiring individuals, it's important to test them by asking for proof of their work. Apart from that, it's essential to notice what expertise and skills an individual possesses. Essay Mama is residence to a broad range of writing providers relying on your wants. Whether it is for a coursework, for content material creation online or for different use, we are able to certainly help you give you one of the best content material. Our on-line classroom has instruments that make getting help along with your essays simple. A two-method interactive whiteboard enables you to brainstorm ideas together with your tutor, or decide on vocabulary, voice, and tone. There are separate teams, that is, one that appears after the shopper criticism, one other that does writing work and lastly the one which carries out the surveys. Sometimes these surveys are done by an outsourced party which reinforces them being unbiased or prejudiced. Some factors must be saved in mind before choosing for the paper writing service. The basis of the information provided by them must be based mostly on proper analysis and their expertise on the topic. An skilled writer is then assigned the task â€" A author who has an analogous background to yours is chosen from various different essayists to put in writing the paper. He/she is guided on the writing style and methods to deal with problem. This step is important as any technical phrases used in the paper should match the buyer's wants and expectations. It is important to ask for testimonials of their previous work in order that a clear image is known in regards to the quality of work supplied by that specific employee. It is sweet thought to keep a observe of their web site. The quality of service provided may be identified by measuring their customer centricity via web promoter strategy. The essay writing company which presents such surveys identifies worker effectivity and makes enhancements in these elements which lag the corporate behind. This in flip helps in employee’s efficiency improvement as a result of only then the weak points will be identified of all workers. This will make the employee serious and devoted in direction of their work as due to this they might lose their job.

Poison as a Multivalent Substance in The Mysterious Affair at Styles - Literature Essay Samples

According to critics Alistair Rolls and Jesper Gulddal, the genre of detective fiction is â€Å"located in a field of binaries: structure versus innovation, stability versus mobility, the one final solution versus the many possibilities of the beginning† (7-8). Such a take, however, is somewhat dismissive of the nuances in Agatha Christie’s writing, which is particularly demonstrated through the nature of poison in Hercule Poirot’s first case The Mysterious Affair at Styles. Rather than confine Christie’s work to the limitations of binaries, Pierre Bayard contends that her fiction is not as much a series of clues to be solved than â€Å"an examination of the ambiguities of interpretation† (cited in Pamboukian, 73). Thus the configuration of strychnine, the poison deployed in Styles, as encompassing a plant-medicine-toxin identity is a prime example of Christie’s ambiguity, recalling Jacques Derrida’s interest in the mystery of the phar makondue to it â€Å"always functioning on multiple levels, always both substance and antisubstance, poison and remedy† (cited in Pamboukian, 73). Poison, as Christie utilizes it, cannot be classified according to descriptions of extremes but demands to be appreciated in all its complexity. Similarly, Poirot’s investigation of the incident at Styles Court reveals the natures of its occupants to be characterized by the same ambiguity as Christie’s choice murder weapon. All of the suspects in the case are therefore physical embodiments of strychnine’s multivalent composition. While each individual can be sorted into either the plant, medicine, or toxin family, only Alfred Inglethorp and Evelyn â€Å"Evie† Howard occupy multiple facets simultaneously as the guilty parties. This complicated identity of poison, by analogy, results in complicated identities of Christie’s characters. Two points of parallel are apparent when considering strychnine in its state as a plant in relation to the characters of Styles. First is the representation of the potential for harm in a range of severity according to its chemical components. The strychnine toxin is sourced from several parts of the Strychnos nux-vomica tree, including the seeds of its fruit, which contain approximately 1.5% strychnine, the dried blossoms, which contain about 1.0%, and the tree’s bark which contains a small amount of the compound as well (Food and Fitness). This gradient of toxicity finds its counterpart in the motives of each ultimately innocent suspect, ranging from the least threatening of Lawrence Cavendish to the most extreme of Mary Cavendish. Lawrence, though a qualified doctor, had set aside his medical profession in favor of unsuccessful literary pursuits that left him dependent upon Mrs. Inglethorp’s financial generosity (Christie, 5). Lawrence’s motive for murder is t herefore assumed to be a larger allowance, yet all of his interference in the investigation is not in service of his own interests but to shield Cynthia Murdoch from suspicion of murder (119). In contrast, Mary Cavendish becomes suspect when Poirot reveals she had been in Mrs. Inglethorp’s bedchamber as the latter experienced the symptoms of the poisoning; however, Mary’s only crime is her disposition as â€Å"an unusually jealous woman† which drove her to add a narcotic to the deceased’s nightly cocoa in hopes of acquiring evidence of her husband John’s infidelity (97, 110-111). That Mary took direct action against Mrs. Inglethorp adds a layer of malice to her character that is not present in Lawrence, who only endeavored to misconstrue the evidence. Furthermore, administering the narcotic is debatable as a benign or malignant deed as it slowed the action of the strychnine, delaying the onset of death though not prolonging the pain. Thus, while strychnine exists as an innocuous plant, there is always the possibility for harm or fatality depending on the plant segment from which the alkaloid is extracted. Lawrence, Mary, and Poirotâ€℠¢s other suspects also operate in this potentiality, with Lawrence being less harmful than Mary. Grading each character in a manner that subjectively weighs their motives in relation to the others enables Poirot to rule out suspects as the case continues. The second aspect of strychnine as a plant lies in the simplicity of that being its natural state without synthesis or transformation. This transparency of being exactly what it purports to be finds a curious parallel in Alfred Inglethorp. Mr. Inglethorp, as the husband and outsider to Styles Court, would be the primary suspect in Mrs. Inglethorp’s murder. Yet Poirot’s investigation uncovered â€Å"so much evidence against him that [Poirot] was inclined to believe that he had not done it† (114). Furthermore, much to Poirot’s confusion, â€Å"the more efforts [Poirot] made to clear him, the more efforts he made to get himself arrested† (114-115). All of which, of course, were indications of Inglethorp’s construction of a clever plan to get away with murder by being charged with murder. According to English laws, a man acquitted of certain charges cannot be tried again for the same offences; thus, Alfred believes the success of the murder plot necessitates manufacturing a steep amount of evidence that indicates his guilt while simultaneously producing an airtight alibi, â€Å"†¦ and, hey presto, he [would be] safe for life!† (115). Alfred as a â€Å"man of method† (35) therefore represents strychnine in its plant form in his attempt to ensure his name is cleared, capitalizing on his image as the murderer while actually being one of the murderers. In addition to its identity as a plant, strychnine is also portrayed as both medicine and poison in Styles. Inherent to understanding these two identities is the concept of duality, which also plays a role in Mr. Inglethorp’s and Miss Howard’s scheme. Firstly, it is important to note the definition of poison as it is understood by the wider public. In the common sense of the word, and as it often operates in the mystery genre, poison generally â€Å"indicates a toxic substance that is nefariously added to food or drink with fatal results† (Pamboukian, 74). In the pharmaceutical sense of the word, poison is â€Å"a substance which, on ingestion, inhalation, absorption, application, injection or development within the body, in relatively small amounts, may cause structural damage or functional disturbance† (74). Thus, â€Å"poisons† are not necessarily fatal and are marked by dosage rather than an intrinsic toxicity. Strychnine is not introduced in it s medicinal state until, during the inquest of Mrs. Inglethorp’s death, Lawrence makes it known that she had regularly consumed a tonic containing strychnine for some time (Christie, 55). Moreover, Lawrence falsely suggests that the cumulative effect of the strychnine tonic may have caused Mrs. Inglethorp’s death, or that she may have accidentally overdosed. But Dr. Wilkins, her physician, is quick to prove these ideas as impossible by stating that on the one hand, the effects of a cumulative poison would have resulted in noticeable chronic symptoms, and on the other, that three or even four doses of her daily tonic intake would not have resulted in death (55). Indeed, Mrs. Inglethorp would have to ingest nearly the entire bottle in order for Dr. Wilkins to account for the amount of strychnine found at the post-mortem – which is exactly how she was murdered. Thus, when the dosage is adhered to, Christie illustrates the tonic of strychnine as quite harmless and even beneficial within the narrative. Furthermore, Christie takes for granted the reader’s assumptions of defining poisons by the common opinion of it – that it could not be identified as anything other than a toxic substance, and that it must have been added to either Mrs. Inglethorp’s coffee or her cocoa. Because the characters’ assumptions of h ow strychnine was administered to Mrs. Inglethorp align with the reader’s, the ingenuity of transforming the tonic into the murder weapon is not considered a possibility. Here, communal expectations of the nature and identity of poison are subverted, thereby encouraging notions of medicine and poison as distinct categories to be similarly reexamined. Like its function as a medicine, strychnine’s composition as a poison is similarly difficult. As previously mentioned, Lawrence makes the case for the strychnine present in Mrs. Inglethorp’s tonic, but that is quickly dismissed. Yet as Poirot discovers, it is the only medium which could effectively disguise the notoriously bitter taste of strychnine (112). Moreover, the prescription Poirot describes from a book on dispensing includes potassium bromide, which acts in the solution to precipitate the majority of the strychnine salt as insoluble bromide crystals (113). The prescription also includes the description of a case in which a lady in England died from ingesting a similar mixture in which nearly all the strychnine of the medicine was taken in the last dose. Though Dr. Wilkins’ prescription for Mrs. Inglethorp did not contain bromide, Poirot discovers that Cynthia provided bromide sleeping powders for Mrs. Inglethorp (47). By adding these powders to the tonic , Evie was able to introduce bromide into the mixture and therefore cause most of the strychnine to collect into the last dose. There is a certain irony that in the combination of Mrs. Inglethorp’s medicines, both made up to aid and prolong her health and wellness, a deadly concoction was to be found. Likewise, Christie also works to subvert reader expectations considering the appearance and quality of the characters she presents. Alfred naturally serves as the primary suspect of Mrs. Inglethorp’s murder since he is the assumed beneficiary of her will. Christie does not make it easy for the reader to see the truth of his position, instead casting a significant amount of doubt onto the character and integrity of John Cavendish. Alfred could not have committed the crime single-handedly but required an accomplice, which was to be found in Evelyn Howard. The discovery of Miss Howard’s involvement, both in Mrs. Inglethorp’s death and in a romantic tie to Alfred, is something of a shock due to her character portrayal, especially in comparison to less savory characters such as Dr. Bauerstein. From the novel’s beginning, Miss Howard is depicted as invaluable to Mrs. Inglethorp and held in great esteem by John. â€Å"She always had a rough tongue,† John r emarks, â€Å"but there is no stauncher friend in England than Evelyn Howard† (11). Following Mrs. Inglethorp’s death, and Miss Howard’s reappearance at Styles Court, Poirot is quick to observe that hers are the only eyes to have wept (44). Moreover, Miss Howard tells Poirot that she was not financially indebted to Mrs. Inglethorp like the rest of the family and refused to accept any â€Å"gifts† other than her yearly salary, which would at times cause great offense to her employer (45). Mrs. Inglethorp held sway chiefly by means of her wealth; thus, by removing any element of financial need, Miss Howard also seemingly removes a motive for murder. In this way, Evie could fashion herself as the only one of the household who retained her self-respect and allowed a fondness for Mrs. Inglethorp to develop, which turned to friendship (45). Posing as two who claim to genuinely care for Mrs. Inglethorp permits Miss Howard to avoid all suspicion and Mr. Inglethorp to absorb all suspicion. Comparable to the categories of medicine and poison, the categories of husband and friend are not independent from that of homicidal criminals. Duality, and the instability of identity, are further emphasized in two more instances. First is Miss Howard’s unnatural vehemence toward Mr. Inglethorp, which Hastings deems â€Å"almost a mania† and causes him to doubt her sanity (70). Although Evie claims she has â€Å"always hated [Inglethorp] like poison,† (75), her true feelings for him are actually discovered to be the opposite, and her feigned hatred is found to conceal a â€Å"tie of passion† that served as her motive for committing the murder (118). Evie’s ruse is carried to such an extent that she even characterizes it metaphorically as poison. The second, more explicit blurring of distinctions is Miss Howard dressing as Alfred to purchase strychnine at the local chemist’s in order to direct suspicion toward John. The resulting disguise is a convoluted accumulation of identities: it is Miss Howard, masquerading as the fiercely devoted friend, who is posing as John Cavendish the mur derous stepson, who is impersonating Alfred Inglethorp the unlikable husband. The flexibility of identities achieved here is due to the resemblance between Evelyn and Alfred: â€Å"It was most easy for her. She is of a good height, her voice is deep and manly; moreover, remember, she and Inglethorp are cousins, and there is a distinct resemblance between them, especially in their gait and bearing. It was simplicity itself† (115). The ease of assuming and executing such an undertaking is emphasized by Evie’s capabilities for other deceptions, as Poirot tells Hastings, â€Å"If Miss Howard were capable of poisoning the old lady, she would be quite equally capable of simulating devotion† (71). Both Alfred and Evie, therefore, primarily engage with two separate entities necessary to their ploy – devoted companions on the one hand, evil schemers on the other – which give rise to other opportunities to use entities at their disposal. Here again, Christie works to overturn the reader’s expectations surrounding not only the poison or the act of poisoning, but the poisoner as well. The two halves of the poisonous identity, then – Inglethorp and Evie, the strychnine tonic and the bromide powders – are crucial to the plot’s success. If the nature of poison is ambivalent and defies binary definition, then so too does the distinction between poisoner and victim become complicated (Pamboukian, 80). The clichà ©d depiction of poisoning in mystery literature casts the victim as undeserving, the poisoner as immoral, and the crime as unjustified (79). While it can be argued that murder is never warranted, the justifiability of the crime is skewed and debatable for majority of the novel because it is dependent on Mrs. Inglethorp’s likeability. At the start of the case Hastings describes Mrs. Inglethorp as â€Å"a lady who liked to make her own plans, and expected other people to fall in with them† (Christie, 5). Additionally, her wealth is a direct result of her personality and strength of character: â€Å"[Mr. Cavendish] had been completely under his wife’s ascendancy, so much so that, on dying, he left [Styles Court] to her for her lifetime, as well as the larger part of his income; an arrangeme nt that was distinctly unfair to his two sons† (5), sons that are not, in fact, Mrs. Inglethorp’s own. John and Lawrence are not the only ones subject to Mrs. Inglethorp’s will, but Cynthia Murdoch as well. Cynthia, the daughter of a former classmate, comes under Mrs. Inglethorp’s care after having been left a penniless orphan (5). Hastings, however, notices â€Å"something in her manner that reminded [him] that her position was a dependent one, and that Mrs. Inglethorp, kind as she might be in the main, did not allow her to forget it† (9-10). In John’s (and thus Mary’s), Lawrence’s, and Cynthia’s cases, Mrs. Inglethorp â€Å"certainly had the whip hand, namely: the purse strings† (5). Thus, although inclined to â€Å"charitable and social notoriety,† enjoying her position as the â€Å"Lady Bountiful,† Mrs. Inglethorp is not generous for generosity’s sake (5). It is a small wonder that none of the household grieves for the matriarch, save for Evie’s crocodile tears. And yet the reader is still given to sympathizing with Mrs. Inglethorp, albeit late in the novel, when Poirot explains her discovery of Alfred’s unfinished letter to Evelyn that reveals their affair as well as the danger to her life (116). Well past her prime, though not permitting anyone to deem her as such, Mrs. Inglethorp has allowed herself to be swindled as a â€Å"very rich, but rather foolish old lady,† and in this way wins the reader’s pity (118). She is a far cry from the innocent, benevolent dowager image, but Mrs. Inglethorp’s poor judgement of character urges the conclusion that her death certainly was not deserved. While subverting the stereotype of Mrs. Inglethorp as a victim, Christie simultaneously obeys those that she establishes in Styles. When discussing crimes, Evie’s opinion of murder is that it is associated more with a man due to its violence; Mary Cavendish, however, disagrees that such is not always true, especially in cases of poisoning (9). Furthermore, when Mary later comes under suspicion of the murder, Hastings laments that, â€Å"Surely no woman as beautiful as Mary Cavendish could be a murderess. Yet beautiful women had been known to poison† (83). At the end of the case, Poirot reads a letter from Alfred which praises Evie for mixing the tonic with the bromide powders: â€Å"That idea of yours about the bromides was a stroke of genius!† (113). Evie is also not a beautiful woman, as Poirot observes, â€Å"There is a woman with a head and a heart too, Hastings. Though the good God gave her no beauty!† (43). In this light, it is not surprising then th at Miss Howard, a homely, masculine woman, devised the plan to mix the bromide powder into the strychnine tonic, and it can be argued that she is more responsible for Mrs. Inglethorp’s death than Alfred. Thus, Christie at once defies and conforms to the stereotypes laid out in the novel and in the mystery genre in general. The depiction of strychnine as plant, medicine, and poison extends to the characterization of the various figures of Styles. By examining each facet of strychnine separately and in combination with each other, it is possible for parallels to be drawn between the toxin and the various suspects of the novel. Presenting both the facts and the characters in such a composite, muddled fashion creates the false trails and red herrings necessary to not only the success of the crime, were it not for Poirot, but the success of the duplicitous mystery novel as well (Flanders, 232). Additionally, the function of strychnine in Stylesaffects the novel’s structure – like the fatal dose of the toxin, Poirot’s method is to reserve the full explanation of the case until the very end. However, Christie’s favoring of poison should not be credited to a feminine aversion of violence, but an investment in a multifaceted reality (229). A simple view of poison as a toxic substance results in a simple view of the poisoner, and if Poirot trusted such a view in the case the wrong individual may have been arrested. Christie’s view of strychnine as both remedy and poison expands the succeeding perspectives of the criminals in Hastings’ and the reader’s minds. Consequently, substances in Styles and in all Christie novels which â€Å"appear to occupy only one identity in fact always occupy multiple identities† and add a feature of delightful perplexity to her writing (Pamboukian, 75, emphasis in original). Works Cited Christie, Agatha. The Mysterious Affair at Styles. Deodand Publishing, 2002. Flanders, Reshmi D. â€Å"Concealment and Revelation: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Reader Suspense.† Style, 2014, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 219-242. Pamboukian, Sylvia A. â€Å"In the Apothecaries’ Garden with Agatha Christie.† Clues: A Journal of Detection, 2016, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 72-81. Rolls, Alistair and Gulddal, Jesper. â€Å"Reappropriating Agatha Christie: An Introduction.† Clues: A Journal of Detection, 2016, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 5-10. â€Å"Strychnine.† Food and Fitness: A Dictionary of Diet and Exercise, edited by Michael Kent, 2nded., Oxford UP, 2016. Oxford Reference.

Beowulf A Hero Or Hero - 1092 Words

Cole Jackson Miss Sibbach Honors English IV 10 December, 2014 To Be a Hero, or To Not Be a Hero Countless people have tried to say that Beowulf represents the qualities required of an epic hero, but many people also suggest that Beowulf does not show any of these qualities. While Beowulf shows heroic characteristics in all of his acts, both pride and greed motivate his actions. The story of Beowulf contains all of the information needed to show this, but people do not notice that which they do not want to see. Throughout the story, Beowulf’s boasts resemble nothing less than a symbol of his arrogance. â€Å"†¦sailors have brought us stories of Herot, the best of all mead-halls, deserted and useless when the moon hangs in skies the sun had lit, light and life fleeing together. My people have said, the wisest, most knowing and best of them, that my duty was to go to the Danes’ Great king. They have seen my strength for themselves, have watched me rise from the darkness of war, dripping with my enemies’ blood. I drove five great giants into chains, chased all of that race from the earth. I swam in the blackness of night, hunting monsters out of the ocean, and killing them one by one; death was my errand and the fate they had earned. Now Grendel and I are called together, and I’ve come†¦I, alone and with the help of my men, may purge all evil from this hall. I have heard, too, that the monster’s scorn of men is so great that he needs no weapons and fears none. Nor will I. My lordShow MoreRelatedBeowulf the Hero1005 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf The Hero â€Å"†¦ A fiend out of hell†(Heaney 100). These words describe the monster Grendel, who is truly an evil entity. Only an epic hero with strength, courage and confidence is able to defeat this mighty foe. This hero’s name is Beowulf. He displays all of these throughout the epic. Beowulf’s first epic hero trait is confidence. Beowulf displays confidence when he talked to Unferth in the great hall Heorot. Beowulf said, â€Å"†¦but he will find me different. I will show him how Geats shapeRead MoreA Hero : A Comparison Of The Hero Of Beowulf884 Words   |  4 Pages or Ulysses. Beowulf is a great example of one of the early heroes written about. But what is a hero? The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a hero as: an object of extreme admiration and devotion; a mythological or legendary figure often of divine descent endowed with great strength or ability. Beowulf has many of these characteristics including great strength, and is portrayed as a legendary figure by those who look up to him. Through the entire poem, he is the epitome of a hero and displaysRead MoreIs Beowulf a Hero?2129 Words   |  9 PagesIs Beowulf a hero? It is vital when approaching the question of whether or not Beowulf can be viewed as a hero to attempt to understand the concept of a ‘hero. Joseph Campbell, the American theorist, studied mythological characters and texts in great detail and developed the concept of the monomyth (or Heros Journey) which he suggested all heroes undertook: A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and aRead MoreBeowulf As A Hero910 Words   |  4 PagesWhy We Need Heros A hero, â€Å"a person noted for courageous acts or nobility of character†(â€Å"Hero†). A hero shows much more than honor and glory, they sacrifice their own life to selflessly help out the lives of others. By having heroes it gives us hope, wisdom, and justice throughout the nation. The three main types of heroes include an epic hero, superhero, and your own personal hero. These heroes show that it s more than the cape or armour they wear, they show the true meaning of a hero by definingRead MoreHero and Beowulf1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe hero is an age-old concept that describes someone that will defend their honor to the end. In Beowulf, the author portrays the warrior Beowulf and his three battles in such a way as to clearly define what it means to be a hero. Fred Robinson and J. R. R. Tolkien addressed heroism in Beowulf regarding the warrior’s traits, as well as his battles and burial. The author of Beowulf defines the hero through Beowulf’s thr ee battles with Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon. In this poem, eachRead MoreBeowulf As A Hero1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of hero is never outdated in literary. Every author has their own understanding of how a hero should be like, and all heroes live and behave differently according to the society they live in. The definition of hero is much broader than a man with superpower. In Beowulf and The Great Gatsby, both of the protagonist, Beowulf and Jay Gatsby are considered heroes in the story. Although both of them embody the values of their societies, Beowulf is a more successful hero because he truly reachesRead MoreBeowulf Is A Hero Of Beowulf1017 Words   |  5 PagesIn the movie and book Beowulf, Beowulf represents a hero. Beowulf is like our modern day heroes, firefighters, policemen, military men, doctors and EMT’s. All of these men do the same thing as Beowulf did in the movie. The fight the villains and protect the innocent. Beowulf had sup er strength to help him defeat the villains and protect the innocent. I have heard moreover that the monster scorns in his reckless way to use weapons; therefore, to heighten Hygelac s fame and gladden his heart, I herebyRead MoreComparing Beowulf And Achilles : A Hero As A Hero829 Words   |  4 Pageswhy are â€Å"heroes† so important in the world of today, and how did they get started? Well, the second question is easy to answer, they were inspired by ancient heroes in the spirit of Beowulf and Achilles. Now, they were very similar to each other; but they had their differences too. No well written character is a hero â€Å"just because they are†, they need to have a motive for their actions, and it’s often a personal reason. Even back when Achilles was fighting for the Greek Empire, he initially wantedRead More Beowulf: A Hero Essay782 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf: A Hero Beowulf is a hero during the Middle Ages because of his generosity, strength, power, and courage. A hero is one who places himself or herself at great risk while performing acts of courage. Beowulf is a hero that put his life on the line for an entire kingdom. He has heroic and superhuman qualities. He must prove his worthiness of a superior warrior. He is recognized for his strengths and power of protecting his people. Beowulf is faced with three forces to fight, Grendel (a monster)Read MoreBeowulf Hero Analysis757 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   To Joseph Campbell a hero is an individual who is able to depart from his or her ordinary life for the sake of helping others in an opposite world. Campbell portrays his idea of a hero by utilizing the title character in Beowulf. Beowulf demonstrates many of Campbells stages of a hero through his strategic actions, his love for justice, and most importantly through his extraordinary strength.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The hero Beowulf, is the â€Å"strongest of the Geats-greater/ And stronger than anyone anywhere in this

Greenpeace Australia Pacific

Question: Discuss about theGreenpeace Australia Pacific. Answer: Reasons for the Need of these Organizations/ Academic Literature Organizations like Sierra Club, National Audubon Society, World Wildlife Fund, etc. are some of the nonprofit organizations like Greenpeace that work towards the sustainable use of the energy and saving the environment from the harmful effects of the industries. These organizations work exclusively for the protection, conservation and awareness of the environment. The developing countries are seeing more growth in these organizations than the countries that are already developed. Organizations such as Earth and Sea Shepherd Conservation Society has been majorly successful in promoting the awareness programs related to the dangers of using drift nets in the commercial fishing industry. These organizations look after the issues related to the future protection of the environment and the sustainable development of it (Rosenbaum, 2013). These organizations are needed to stop the climatic changes that are happening due to the global warming effects. They also campaign for protecting the ancient forests that are present in the world so that the flora and fauna of these places do not become extinct. The people who live in these forests are also coming under the threat as they use the forests to fulfill their necessities. The organizations also saves the oceans from being overfished such as whaling, pirate fishing and the aquacultures relating to shrimp fishing (Hannigan, 2014). Greenpeace Australia Pacific Greenpeace Australia Pacific has been working actively for the past twenty years to make the world better from the human-induced change in the climatic conditions. They mainly concentrate on the activities that promote an alternative to clean energy from the use of the fossil fuels. The Australian community had campaigned to extend the Federal Mandatory Renewable Energy Target (MRET) program and collaborated with the state governments to introduce the state based renewable energy targets (Ritter Panegyres, 2014). They made the government to put a price on the carbon so that it will force the polluting companies to pay heavy amounts for the pollution that the company is making. The government had to remove all the subsidies that were provided to the fossil fuel industries earlier to support the technologies that deal with zero emissions such as renewable energy and efficient use of energy. It also saw that the government provided incentive to those companies that were willing to inve st in the renewable energy projects till the time the cost of these projects become competitive in the markets as opposed to the fossil fuel industries (Mercer, de Rijke Dressler, 2014). The Focus of the Campaign The Greenpeace Australia Pacific organization is working to protect the Pineapple Zamia from becoming extinct. The plant looks like a palm and is larger than the Macrozamia species. It has a broader and leathery texture of leaves. The leaflets grow up to 10-35 cm in length and is 40-60 cm in width. The plant has no midrib and the veins run parallelly to the plant. It does not bear any flowers but the fruits are larger and conically shaped similar to the Macrozamia plants. The seeds of the plant are red in color and are 4-6 cm in length and the width being 3-3.5 cm (Shaw, 2014). SWOT Analysis Strengths The online campaign of Save Pineapple Zamia will allow the organization to have a greater access in targeting the audience. This type of social media marketing will allow the organization to reach further to the audience as majority of the people in the modern world uses technology to gather information about anything that they want (Grant, 2016). Weaknesses The organization does not accept any monetary benefits from the government or the big corporations, as it is against the core values of the organization, so the budget to expand the promotional activities are very limited. The period of the campaign is also very important as it is seen that people tend to lose their interests in the social advertisements after a certain point of time (Caldecott, Tilbury Ma, 2013). Opportunities The promotion of the campaign by taking the help of social media will increase the membership of the campaign when it is successfully implemented. The support from the third parties will help the campaign to gather more members and make a real change in the environment (Grant, 2016). Threats The period of the campaign is a serious threat for the organization to be successful in the social market (Caldecott, Tilbury Ma, 2013). Therefore, it is seen that the strengths of the campaign will be the intense use of the social media platform, as it will help the public to gain more awareness about the campaign. The timeframe of the campaign however will be a major problem and the investment of capital by the organization. The opportunity to attract third parties in the campaign will prove to be beneficial for the organization. Target Audience The campaign will target the students of the universities that are based in the areas around Queensland. The major universities that will be targeted for the campaign are the University of Queensland, UQ College, Central Queensland University, Bond University and the Queensland College of Art Griffith University. The reason for targeting the young age individuals is that they are more tech-savvy than the other age groups. The above 18 years age group will use the social Medias to access all the information that they need for their benefit. The use of internet is widely prevalent in this age group (Stuart, 2015). Marketing Mix of the Organization Product The product of Greenpeace Australia Pacific is Save Pineapple Zamia campaign, which is one of the core products of the organization. The core product or the service means that the services that are being provided by the organization are based on the environmental awareness campaign. It is equivalent to the other services and the products that are offered by the organizations. The branding of the service also plays an important part as the organization is well known all over the world (McDonald, 2016). Price The price of the service that is being offered by the organization has to be competitive than the other organizations as it will attract the audience more. This will help in selling of the service more and create more awareness amongst the public. The members or the individuals who are willing to donate can do so for the campaign that the organization is promoting (Moscardo et al., 2013). Place The Australian community needs to be well aware of the situation and start protecting their unique ecological environment. The target needs to be on the younger generation as they will be the future of the place and needs to take care of the place. The organization needs to target the major areas in and around Queensland where the plant is present in Australia and make the people aware of the harmful threats that may arise due to the death of these corals (McDonald, 2016). Promotion The organization needs to focus on the online promotion more as in the recent world, the use of technology has surrounded the public. The organization needs to advertize the campaign on their website, focus on other websites as well to show the campaign so that it gains the maximum exposure. They should write blogs on the dangers that the place would face if the plant disappears from the world and use the social media such as Facebook, twitter, etc. fully (Moscardo et al., 2013). Behavioral Pattern of Greenpeace Australia Pacific The organization believes that resorting to violence in any format is wrong according to the morality of the organization. They deal with the environmental hazards and the crimes that take place in a non-violent action, which is direct (Rosenbaum, 2013). The benefits of practicing non-violence by the organization are is that the people do not waste the time. The organization exploits the opportunities that are existing in the given circumstances fully. Resorting to violent activity destroys the existing opportunity and makes way for another opportunity to arise (Garrigue et al., 2016). The non-violent activity on the contrary, makes the existing system to change in to a new system gradually. The organization uses banner drops, blockades of the waterways and lock downs the industries that harm the environment potentially. The main objective of the organization in using non-violence tactics is the usage of media to create awareness of the activities that are taking place to harm the plants and to bring the public to action (Mitchell et al., 2013). Attention Grabbing Message and its Evaluation Pineapple Zamia- Now or Never The strategies that are taken up to evaluate this message is Simplicity- the purpose of this message is inform and persuade the people to take actions in saving the plants of Australia. To make the public focus, the message is clear and simple and needs to be in a single sentence. The message needs to make the public aware and they needs to understand the purpose of this message so that the response is positive (Stuart, 2015). Specificity- the language of the message is specific and easy to understand for the common public. It is concrete in nature so that the readers of the message in the online media can vividly picture the ideas behind the message. The use of abstract words in a message needs to avoided so that the audience can understand and take action on what the message says (Hannigan, 2014). Structure- the structure of the message needs to be compact and to the point. This will ensure that it catches the eyes of the public in the first instance. This makes the readers of the message to have an idea on what the organization is trying to say. The better the structure of the message, the better will be the organization in establishing its goodwill (Stuart, 2015). Conclusion Therefore, the campaign Save Pineapple Zamia by Greenpeace Australia Pacific has seen some major outcomes in the social media platforms. The organization needs to expand its advertising methods and create more awareness amongst the public. The message of the campaign needs to be straight and clear so that there is no problem in understanding the message by the public. The target audience needs to be the younger generation as they will create a huge impact on the society in the future in creating an awareness regarding the remaining plants. They need to be educated so that they can pass on the knowledge to others to live in harmony with the ecology of Australia. Reference List Caldecott, B., Tilbury, J., Ma, Y. (2013). Stranded Down Under.Environment-related factors changing Chinas demand for coal and what this means for Australian coal assets. Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford. Garrigue, C., Oremus, M., Dodmont, R., Bustamante, P., Kwiatek, O., Libeau, G., ... Dalebout, M. L. (2016). A mass stranding of seven Longman's beaked whales (Indopacetus pacificus) in New Caledonia, South Pacific.Marine Mammal Science. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hannigan, J. (2014).Environmental sociology. Routledge. McDonald, M. (2016). Bourdieu, environmental NGOs, and Australian climate politics.Environmental Politics,25(6), 1058-1078. Mercer, A., de Rijke, K., Dressler, W. (2014). Silences in the boom: coal seam gas, neoliberalizing discourse, and the future of regional Australia.Ecology,21(222), e348. Mitchell, C., Chong, J., Turner, A., Retamal, M., Carrard, N., Murta, J., ... Moy, C. (2013). Looking to the future. Moscardo, G., Lamberton, G., Wells, G., Fallon, W., Lawn, P., Rowe, A., ... Renouf, M. (2013).Sustainability in Australian business: Principles and practice. Wiley-Blackwell. Ritter, D., Panegyres, J. (2014). Australia, climate free rider or free falling?.Australian Options, (77), 21. Rosenbaum, W. A. (2013).Environmental politics and policy. Cq Press. Shaw, L. (2014). Marine marvel: Survival and change on the Great Barrier Reef [Book Review].Signals, (106), 70. Stuart, D. (2015). NGOs target big business.Company Director,31(1), 24.

Naked Economics Essay Example

Naked Economics Paper Chapter 1: The Power of Markets 1. What are the two basic assumptions that economists make about individuals and firms? The two basic assumptions that economists make about individuals and firms are that they attempt to maximize their utility using the available resources and that they want to make the most amount of profit possible. 2. What is the role and significance of prices in the market economy? Prices in the market economy are extremely useful because they help gauge what consumers want and how badly they want it. High prices indicate strong consumer desire for that product while low ones indicate little interest. 3. What’s so great about a market economy anyway? A market economy is so good because it corresponds with normal human behavior and allows for optimum allocation of resources. It may not be completely fair, but it is the most stable and best option compared to a communist system. Chapter 2: Incentives Matter 4. Explain how each of the following relates to efficient outcomes in a market economy: adverse selection, â€Å"perverse incentives†, principal-agent problem, and the prisoner’s dilemma. Adverse selection hinders efficient outcomes in a market economy because it involves one party in an economic action having less information than the other, therefore it might agree to buy a certain product or service and pay for more than what it gets (or vice versa if seen from the ignorant seller’s perspective). The avoidance of negative perverse incentives leads governments into better policy making and achieving the desired economic effect and increase in efficiency. We will write a custom essay sample on Naked Economics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Naked Economics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Naked Economics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If the principal-agent problem is addressed correctly, business managers and employees will strive to improve the product or service and achieve economic growth in the long run because it is beneficial to them, not only the owners. The prisoner’s dilemma will probably lead to an inefficient outcome in which both parties involved will not achieve maximum profit. The only time this isn’t the case is when agreements and communication exist between the parties and they both agree on an action and thanks to that, achieve higher profits. This though is normally prohibited by government in order to prevent monopoly power. Chapter 3: Government and the Economy 5. In your own words, explain what an externality is. An externality is the cost or benefit that the production, selling, use, or even existence of a product or service has positive or negative effects on people that were not involved in the transaction. 6. Besides addressing externalities, what other important and beneficial roles does government play in our market economy? Government tries its best to reach a more equitable income distribution through the use of taxes, provides for public services that would otherwise be produced inefficiently if produced privately, and provides a law system which also prevents monopolization of industries and coalitions between powerful firms to protect consumers from monopoly prices. Chapter 4: Government and the Economy II 7. What are the main reasons why government should only take a limited role in a market economy? Government should only take a limited role in a market economy because if let to function freely, a market economy will achieve considerably efficient outcomes and only need few regulations and assistance with public goods in order to maintain competition and fairness. These functions should be executed with moderation because excessive control and regulation of the market will lead to inefficiency and maybe even market failure.

Resources Professor Ramos Blog

Resources

Pixar and Disney Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pixar and Disney - Essay Example The success of Pixar and decline of Disney may be traced to how these organizations responded to the changes in their social and technical environments. Upon cursory reading, Pixar appeared to have made a name for itself primarily through the use of digital technology in animation, to which it owes its commercial success, while Disney remained dedicated to the traditional method which no longer found strong following in the market. Closer inspection shows that there was a fundamental difference in the way the organizations functioned that was separate from the technology each used. Organizations may be seen to operate as open systems which interact with their environments in a complex and dynamic way. According to Ingols, Cawsey & Deszca (2011), open systems are called so because they are not isolated from their environment, but freely exchange information, materials, and energy with them. They are comprised of interdependent parts connected by a complex set of interrelationships. They move towards equilibrium, and once in equilibrium, will not change unless some energy is introduced. Individuals within a system would have a different perspective of the system’s function and purpose than those outside of it. Looking at organizations as open systems enables managers to better identify areas of misalignment and risk. The Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model is comprised of inputs that shape the strategy. The strategy drives the transformative processes box which eventually leads to the outputs. Feedback loops flow back to earlier stages to complete the model. The transformative work process includes four categories, namely informal organization, formal organizational arrangements, individual, and task. (people), and task (work). The Congruence Model states that these four categories in the work transformation area should be congruent (i.e., should fit) with each other (Jones, Brazzel, & ITL, 2006, p. 196). Pixar is an example of an open system which takes full advantage of the dynamics within the organization itself, and between the organization and the environment. Within Pixar, the informal organization is as important as, if not more than, the formal structure. Pixar has developed a â€Å"culture of collective creativity† that â€Å"values people above ideas,† and tasks are boldly add ressed because of the empowerment of employees. Feedback is swift because lines of communication are open; everyone feels safe to offer ideas, and innovation is highly prized (Catmull, 2008). Strong long-term friendships are forged, and as a result, the organization feels competent to take risks. This makes the external influences welcome within the company, thus it takes advantage of inputs from the academic community, the technical and artistic fields, and of course the demand from the market. In contrast, Disney is a highly traditionalist organization which emphasized hierarchy and centralization. Eisner insisted on maintaining strict control even over creative processes and roundly criticized ideas not in line with his own, thereby discouraging people from taking initiatives for fear of reproach. Regard for people took a back seat to revenues and stock performance. In other words, corporate Disney did not promote openness among its employees, lacked congruity or â€Å"fit† among its component parts, and discouraged open feedback and communication. It was unreceptive to outside influences, preferring to stick to its â€Å"proven† traditions harking back to early Disney years. It felt it has found its equilibrium, and resisted any risk that may disrupt it. In short, Pixar has taken full advantage of

The Proctor & Gamble Company Executive Financial Summary Research Paper

The Proctor & Gamble Company Executive Financial Summary - Research Paper Example The net sales for P&G remained at $79,029 million in the year 2009 whereas its net sales in 2008 were a bit high amounting to $81,748 million. The net sales for the year 2007 remained at $74,832 million. The net income for P&G remained at $13,436 million in the year 2009 whereas its net income in 2008 remained a bit low amounting to $12,075 million. For the year 2007, the net income for the year remained at $10,340 million. Cash generated by Operating Activities for P&G remained at $14,919 million in the year 2009 whereas its Cash generated by Operating Activities in 2008 remained a bit high amounting to $15,008 million. For the year 2007, Cash generated by Operating Activities for the year remained at $13,410 million. Cash used in Investing Activities for P&G remained at $(2,353) million in the year 2009 whereas its Cash used in Investing Activities in 2008 remained a bit high amounting to $(2,549) million. For the year 2007, Cash used in Investing Activities for the year remained at $(2,483) million. Cash generated by Financing Activities for P&G remained at $(10,814) million in the year 2009 whereas its Cash generated by Financing Activities in 2008 remained a bit high amounting to $(14,844) million. For the year 2007, Cash generated by Financing Activities for the year remained at $(12,453) million. P&G - A Company History - 1837-Today. (2012). P&G - A Company History - 1837-Today. Retrieved October 14, 2012, from P&G - A Company History - 1837-Today:

Outline the Important Features of Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Outline the Important Features of Utilitarianism Essay The word Utilitarianism comes from the Latin word ‘utilitis’ meaning useful. This traditional ethical theory stemmed from the late 18th and 19th centuries. The Principle of Utility is a teological theory popularised by the late British philosopher, Jeremy Bentham. Its basic meaning suggests it’s the total consequences of an action which determine how morally right or wrong an action is. If the amount of happiness produced in an action overrides the unhappiness produced by an action, the action is determined right. An example of this would be an abortion. Jeremy Bentham was a man of extraordinary intellectual gifts; at the age three he began to study Latin and at the age of sixteen he took his degree at Oxford University. He introduced Act Utilitarianism; every act is evaluated on whether it does or does not produce happiness/pleasure. ‘The greatest happiness for the greatest number’. This insinuates that the amount of people made happy through an act is more important than the quality of their happiness, regardless of the consequences. However, there could be problems with this theory as Phillip Pettit indicated in the quote ‘so long as they promised the best consequences†¦ it would forbid absolutely nothing: not rape, not torture, not even murder. ’ Indicating that Act Utilitarianism could be an excuse to commit dreadful crimes such as murder it may create happiness for the person that committed the murder. It is also difficult to measure the quantity of pleasure or pain in an action. Yet, this theory is still a vital feature of Utilitarianism because it encourages people to think about the consequences of their actions before they perform the act. See more: essay apa format Consequently, Bentham introduced the Hedonic Calculus. The Hedonic Calculus proposes the idea that human pleasures and pains are measurable and that actions can be judged on whether they are considered right or wrong. There are seven factors that are considered when making this decision; it’s intensity (how pleasurable or painful the action is); the duration (how long the pleasure or pain will last); certainty (how sure of the pleasure of pain you are); propinquity/ remoteness (how near the pleasure or pain is); fecundity (the chance of being followed by similar sensations); purity (the chance of it not being followed by sensations of the opposite kind); and extent (the number of individuals affected by it). Nevertheless, John Stuart Mill stated that (happiness is) ‘much too complex and indefinite’ (to be the measure of the moral worth of an action). Connoting, the amount of happiness/pleasure in an action is an individual process. It’s subjective not objective. However the Hedonic Calculus is no doubt an essential feature of Utilitarianism as it is important to consider what makes an action morally right or wrong. Furthermore, Bentham’s disciple and friend, John Stuart Mill introduced Rule Utilitarianism. Rule Utilitarianism measures the consequences of the act repeated over and over again through time, to be followed as a rule whenever certain circumstances arise. It is assesses how morally right or wrong an act is. Mill stressed the importance of ‘The Greatest happiness for the greatest principle’ and the significance of quality over quantity. Implying the extent of the happiness is more important than how many people the happiness affects. He argued that it is the promotion of pleasures and the prevention of pain that determine our moral decisions. However what Mill failed to recognise was that it goes against human rights. So crimes as awful as murder may be considered acceptable in some cases. It could also be argued that Rule Utilitarianism ignores the consequences of the act. Rule Utilitarianism is still a very important theory as it aims to provide the most happiness/ pleasure for people as possible. Leading on, Mill introduced the idea of higher and lower pleasures. Namely those of the mind (intellectual pleasures such as learning a language) are higher pleasures. Whilst body pleasures such as eating are lower pleasures. The higher pleasures are considered more prime and important than lower pleasures. Mill declared ‘it is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied. ’ Implying humans are capable of experiencing much higher pleasures than animals. Mill ‘on Liberty’ stated ‘the only part of conduct of anyone, for which he is amenable to society, is that which concerns others’. Suggesting that individuals should care and be concerned by how others think and feel. Conversely, the problem with this theory is that it is difficult to measure the amount of pleasure someone feels. In conclusion, although Utilitarianism is very useful when evaluating the consequences of an action, this theory does not consider the moral righteousness of an action. It is also very difficult to measure the amount of pleasure produced from action. The amount of pleasure can also differ depending on the individual.

What do Thomas Hardys short stories reveal about his society? :: English Literature

What do Thomas Hardy's short stories reveal about his society? Thomas Hardy was born 1840 and died 1924. He composed most of his writings between 1871 and 1912. From 1912 till death he wrote poetry. Hardy enjoyed writing short stories because he had realised that with the pressures and busy lifestyles of modern day life there was little time to sit down and read a novel. One difficulty of a short story is that it can't give in depth character analyses but they can gradually allow someone to make their own analyses judging by Hardy's content in his stories. They are succinct which made them successful. What is a short story? For Hardy a short story wasn't a tale that explained the details in two sentences and left the reader blank looking for clues as to where the story was going, the background of the story and who everyone was. Hardy's short stories gave as much detail as possible and if something was missing, it appeared later on, he consistently made sure the reader would keep up with the story and never rushed his stories, making sure the reader got the full jist of the story. A very simple example of this is in "The Superstitious Mans Story" where during the story Hardy includes a short paragraph which is told by the narrator of the story, it provides both the listener in and out of the story with a piece of missing information which we need to understand it fully, because in "The Superstitious Mans Story" there are two listeners, ourselves and Hardy's metaphorical Alias Mr. Lackland. Hardy's stories have a personal feel to them, when you read them he is talking to you, explaining and saying everything to you. For example "The Superstitious Mans Story" and "Old Andrey's Experience as a Musician" Hardy uses a conversational tone, he writes his stories in the way they would be told person-to-person, face-to-face as maybe travellers stories. Society has changed greatly since the time of Thomas Hardy, we no longer have the closeness and reliability that everyone had then. Hardy lived in a community and describes a community in his short stories where every member of the community knows everyone else, knows past and present members and they are able to tell stories about each of them. In this community everyone can rely on someone else, be it a friend or neighbour. A community like this is not found in cities as Hardy discovers when he moves to London in his early years, London was one of the first megalopolises. He was introduced to the city which he seen as a

Sustainable road policy?

1. Introduction1.1.Definition and DescriptionTransport is a primary factor in environmental, social and economic development due to its association with aspects of accessibility levels, goods and people’s mobility. An investigation into the development of transport necessitates implementing a regular systematic efficient plan, which will look to improve the whole transportation system for the long term. Sustainable transport is strictly needed to change the quality of life for the better. Consequently, sustainable transport is considered to be founded upon a set of interrelated instructions which aims to improve people’s mobility based on the criteria of safety, social equality, minimum land use, recycling materials and lower impacts on the environment (Marks, 2002).1.2. Versions1.2.1 Green Highway VisionThe Highway Agency (HA) suggested the version 2030 project in 2003. The main objective of this project is to enhance the mobility of goods and people in the UK over t hirty years and to predict, estimate and meet what the mobility needs in the future by considering three scenarios: global economy, sustainable lifestyle, and control and plan. Twelve visions have been proposed from this process, each depending on the aforementioned scenarios with a particular vision behind each one. The Green Highway is one of these visions and indicates to an interactive future with progressed sustainable principles such as: constructing sustainable roads and operating maintenance through using resources efficiently; â€Å"Green† materials application; high use of waste product recycling; and the re-assessing of highway design codes, considering the implications of climate change. In addition to this, noise-impact reduction and keeping biodiversity are taken into account through using eco-environment designs (HA, 2003).1.2.2 Mobility VisionThe second is vision 2050 which was proposed by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development in 2010. This vi sion imagines the sustainable future in a wider scope and attributes a longer period to make governance and business sustainable. This will be achieved by following a pathway which requires essential changes in lifestyle and policy. This pathway is supported by nine elements that link the present and the sustainable future in 2050. For instance, Mobility vision aims to improve the access provision universally for the insurance of safety and low impact mobility in order to make the best sustainable economy. In this context, to make reductions of the high volume of transportation and the information and communication technologies (ICT) it will use. Vehicle efficiency has improved through using sophisticated new technology and the alternative energy source, such as electricity, resulting in a significant decrease in the adverse impacts on the environment. Moreover, the intelligent transportation system (ITS) provides active enforcement and comprehensive mobility management which leads to safety improvement (WBCSD, 2009).1.2.3 Vision TwoThese visions relate to walking and cycling in the UK in 2030. It aims to introduce cycling and walking as an eco-friendly mode for getting rid of the current negative transportation impacts by considering three sustainable visions. This also looks at the future through the concept of social building, by concentrating on five locations in the UK to imagine these impacts on a typical city. For example, a car-free, public transport oriented future encourages the use of mass transport, walking and cycling, meaning a lower volume of cars which is the main mode currently used. The significant factors that share in this vision are exploitation sophisticated technology for cars design, electric cycles, improving walking path and bicycle lanes, and small electric modes for freightage goods. These will make a city have improved sociability, a high level of safety, reduce pollution and noise due to transport, and generate high accessibility (Tight et al., 2011). 2. Discussion2.1. Addressing Sustainability Dimensions2.1.1 Green Highway VisionUndoubtedly, there are three important dimensions that should be concurrently taken into consideration within implementing any sustainable future transport system: environment, social, and economic (Transport Policy Advisory Services, 2010). The Green Highway vision considered the creation of sustainable environments through reducing noise nuisance, keeping biodiversity, recycling and using resources effectively. However there are other environmental aspects, such as land use and air pollution, which are not presented and impact on health more than noise. The social sustainable is presented in this vision but without clarifying how it will improve the transport sector and reduce its impacts on environment or cause an improvement in the community (Colantonio, 2007). Furthermore, the life quality enhancement results from the social sustainability (Polese and Stren, 2005). Moreover the lifestyle scenario enc ourages local communities to work together to achieve sustainability for life and to enhance life quality through improved technologies and lifestyle dependence that will reduce energy use and reliance on cars. The people’s tendency to choose sustainable areas to work and live is encouraged by taking land use plan into consideration (HA, 2003). Also the concept of road construction and maintenance operations with new advanced technique are viewed without indicating to its economic dimension. As well as these processes of road infrastructure, enhancements will promote the economy through revenues from tolls and taxes (Marks, 2002).2.1.2. Mobility VisionComprehensively depending on the exploitation of advanced technology is the main principle of the mobility vision practicability. The environmental sustainable dimension is favourably addressed in this vision through implementing different measures, such as: reducing environment impacts; road congestion; accidents in terms of (n umber and cost). This will lead to a decrease in greenhouse gases and improving traffic by applying Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Furthermore, the economic sustainable dimension is directly addressed through a concern with active transport accessibility which can enhance people’s mobility. This also includes goods freightage, inventing new vehicles, efficient alternative fuels, such as biofuels, high-efficient fuel aircraft, providing interactive transport infrastructure and new transportation means. Overall, this vision vastly considers most economic aspects. However, because of the high cost of biofuel production due to its dependence on feedstock, such as sugarcane, ethanol can be better for use in a commercial viability (Kojima and Johnson, 2006). However, new transport costs are considered as an important target in the transport sustainability, but it is not obviously addressed (Schwaab and Thielmann, 2001). The social sustainable dimension is also addressed in this vision: through the provision of equal mobility for all; safer road networks and decreasing accident numbers close to zero (zero vision); cooperation between transportation companies with other relevant agencies; incorporation of the socio-economic environment with â€Å"integration transport system† (ITS) (WBCSD, 2009). However, the usefulness of non-motorised modes, such as cycling and walking, that improve social community and the environment are not mentioned (Tight et al., 2011). The poor class contribution is also not addressed in this vision, which is considered a key element in the social sustainability dimension. The vision addressed the environmental sustainable dimension through the efforts to reduce noise and greenhouse gases. This was achieved through the use of sophisticated transportation technology such as alternative electrical energy vehicles and â€Å"superior aerodynamic† vehicle quality improvement. However, the addressing of biodiversity and land use impacts are neglected. Nevertheless, the manufacture process of electric cars can also impact adversely on the environment due to the fact that the battery is constructed from harmful materials and uses fossil fuels for its power (Anair and Mahmassani, 2012). According to Calle et al. (2012) the use of biofuels can impact negatively on the environment because it increases greenhouse emissions in other ways, such as non-carbon aircraft emissions and the feedstock production process. Furthermore, this could lead to a potential increase in the price of foodstuffs due to this process using a greater amount of land to produce bioje tfuel (Tietenberg, 2000). 2.1.3. Vision Two This vision for walking and cycling concentrated on urban areas. The economic dimension is clearly addressed so that it considers the enhancement of mobility through improving mass transport, increasing freightage transport efficiency, and constructing separate routes for both bicycles and pedestrians. This also includes supporting and encouraging commercial markets to provide pedestrian electronic tools, and electric-powered bikes and vans. Despite the benefit to human’s health and fitness, walking and cycling causes a significant reduction in travel and congestion costs which leads to an increase in productivity by reducing wastage time. Additionally, a massive reduction in road accident costs can be noticed by allocating dedicated routes for pedestrian and bicycles, based on a reduction in conflict points between bicycles, pedestrians and cars; each conflict point is responsible of the occurrence of a crash in any time and, thus, economic improvement (BCBC, 2009). Social sustainability is vastly addressed in this vision. These will be achieved by applying the equality principle, social consolidation enhancement, public health promotion, and providing high social insurance within that future city which is espoused by this vision. However, it provides the typical social environment inclusion of required needs such as a higher socialised, better communicated, polite and cooperative people which is associated with highest safety levels and health quality. This also suggests roads which have lower car use, dedicate more space for children, and supply all required facilities for walking and cycling. In addition to this is the use of advanced technology in traffic systems, such as automatic vehicle speed reduction system (Tight et al., 2011). This vision addresses the environment dimension by making a reduction in air pollution which leads to a reduction in CO2 emission as well as less transportation noise due to low car use and a greater dependence on walking and cycling. This also includes less land use, the use of eco-friendly cars and imposing strong car use restrictions. As well as this, the walking and cycling and other non-motorized modes are defined as environmental modes due to their compatibility with clean air and that they generate no noise pollution (COUNCIL, 2007).2.2. Transport problems Area2.2.1. Developing CountriesAccording to Gwilliam (2003), developing countries differ from developed countries with respect to of transportation. These differences are characterised by faster population growth, fast urban growth, car ownership, traffic congestion, environmental problems, and road accident and security issues. Movement problems added to the lack of road network quality and traffic management make it very d ifficult to compare and examine. The Green Highway and Vision Two for walking and cycling were placed to the UK situation to address the majority of the above-mentioned issues with a high efficiency, although it cannot be applied in the developing countries with the same efficiency. However, the â€Å"holistic approach [to] improving overall transport† has appeared as a global vision and can address the mobility of urban areas in developing countries. In this vision, the cities are categorized to four kinds, for instance, for addressing finance issues it suggests the participating of both private and public sectors.2.2.2 Climate ChangeThe greenhouse emissions which are from transportation sectors are estimated about 24% globally, and it will increase 2.1% annually (Wright and Fulton, 2005). The CO2 emission was separately estimated to be about 22% in 2012 and was recognized as a main cause of climate change (IEA, 2012). However, addressing climate change can be seen in all th ree visions in different approaches, but vision two is the more effective because of its preference of the non-motorised modes such as walking, cycling and using eco-friendly mass transportation modes. The Green Highway vision aims to adopt the highway design code with the impacts of climate change instead of carbon cutting. Furthermore, the Mobility vision tends to reduce future greenhouse gas emission depending on the technology use with the presence of all transport modes.2.2.3. Equity, social impacts and inclusionThe equity is considered to be a significant aspect due to its extensive influence by any transportation planning decision. However, it can be more effectively addressed through vision two, rather than other visions, because it is focused on increasing the concept of social sustainability (BCDC, 2009). Moreover, public transport accessibility, cycling and walking is crucial to make society more active, but in the mobility vision the economic improvement is taken into co nsideration depending on the sophisticated transportation mode technology. In addition to this, the equity improvement can be achieved by providing equal mobility.2.2.4. Resource use, waste and global pollutionResource use is a potential option in vision two through low car use as well as greater dependence on walking and cycling. In turn this makes a significant reduction in the consumption and use of resources, such as car manufacturing or backup materials, and this leads to the reduction of waste resulting from scrap. However, the Green Highway vision addresses this issue through the high efficiency resources consumption and full attention to recycling concept application. Moreover, the Mobility vision encourages aircrafts and vehicles markets to depend on alternative fuel and observe that this may lead to an increase in resource consumption, such as compound materials which are used in the aircraft manufacturing. However, the potential for recycling carbon fibre has been was fo und (Job, 2010). Conversely, other modes need mass use of resources as well as the technological advancement, and ultimately, global pollution is inevitable.2.2.5. BiodiversityThe Green Highway vision concerns the addressing of biodiversity conservation through constructing of wild movement green bridges and tunnels, and water ponds. However, the Mobility vision has an adverse impact on biodiversity due to its dependence on using the largest land area to provide biojetfuel as an alternative future energy (Kojima and Johnson, 2006). Furthermore, biodiversity has not been influenced by the vision two for concentration on improving road network infrastructure in urban areas.2.2.6. Energy SecurityAccording to DECC (2012), the transport sector contributed about 38% of total energy consumption in 2011. The Green Highway vision can impact positively in the reduction of energy consumption to some extent through focusing on road infrastructure improvement and implementing recycling materials interns to reduce energy consumption by implementing recycling and minimizing the road distance. However, in the Mobility vision, the energy security is addressed efficiently by introducing alternative fuels such as biofuel to replace fossil fuel which leads to energy security effectively (Kojima and Johnson, 2006). In the scope of foodstuffs and climate change, decreasing it seems not compatible and the increasing desire and the biofuel’s wide spread will pose a risk to food security and climate change (Field et al., 2008). Additionally, in vision two the focus on walking and cycling as well as lower car use plays a significant role in energy security; moreover, the aircraft and electric bicycle manufacturing require energy.2.2.7. SafetySafety is an issue that is directly related to public life. However, this issue has not been considered in the Green Highway vision. Nevertheless, the safety is addressed in vision two through the use of alternative biofuels which are charac terised by low carbon emission as well as zero vision which address safety through reducing the accidents number to close to zero. Furthermore, safety is addressed more efficiently through the use of technology that reduces vehicle speed automatically and allocates segregated lanes for pedestrians and cyclists.2.2.8. Landscape and heritageThe Green Highway vision damages landscape and heritage because of their adversely influence on the transportation infrastructure improvement process (Seiler, 2001). Though, in the Mobility vision the largest land use is to provide the requiring energy and may adversely impact the landscape. However, in vision two, improving the transportation infrastructure is based on the existing reality; therefore it does not impact on the landscape.2.2.9. NoiseThe Green Highway vision addresses noise through the use of noise barriers and a defeatist road surface. However, the Mobility vision addresses noise reduction through the use electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and aircraft with superior aerodynamics deployment. Furthermore, vision two contributes to the reduction of noise through low car use, walking and cycling and using electric modes.2.2.10. Air pollutionThe Green Highway vision addresses air pollution to some degree, but not directly. However, the Mobility vision addresses this issue interactively through low carbon emission from transportation, using electric vehicles, hybrids, eco-friendly ships and aircrafts. In addition to this, it is significantly addressed by vision two through low car use, depending on walking and cycling.2.2.11. Severance and pedestrian issuesThe Green Highway vision does not address severance and pedestrian safety. However, there is full attention given to public safety in the Mobility vision through pollution reduction and low carbon mobility. Moreover, vision two addresses this issue more effectively through improving pedestrian and cyclist’s mobility by allocating separate lanes for their m ovement and low car use.2.3. Feasibility, global transportation issues, barriers2.3.1. Green Highway VisionUndoubtedly, the Green Highway vision introduces an eco-design to be applied to enhance the transportation infrastructure, but it is not active to the high degree of addressing all sustainable dimensions. Good road quality brings more car use which causes environment deterioration. However, the role of advanced technology in the road performance improvement is also not considered in this vision. For example, using connected vehicles which provide the driver with all information about weather, traffic volume, road, and alerting in case the existence of problems as well as electric priority lane that charges moving vehicles automatically (Krick, 2011). In addition to this, a number of Green Highway projects with additional principles to the environmental aspect are applied in some countries such as Sweden and Norway. Consequently, until 2030 the effectiveness of this vision will expire and will not be feasible.2.3.2 Mobility VisionDue to the presence of some features, this vision seems infeasible. However, it relies on incorporating advanced technology in transportation modes which causes a significant reduction in greenhouse emissions and requires a multi-energy source to improve the environment dimension. Moreover, the encouraging travel, car ownership, results in urbanisation, increasing congestion, increasing resource consumption and land take. Furthermore, greater battery energy consumption results in pollution in the stations and reduces the importance of eco-friendly car use. Nevertheless, technology is considered as a barrier in front of relevant authorities to decide on other dimensions (Banister, 2005). However biofuel seems inefficient due to its expected adverse impacts on the security of food and the hydrogen energy cost is estimated to be four times as much as current fuel (ibid, 2005). Albeit, due to dealing with sustainability dimensions lo psidedly as well as developing countries drawbacks in terms of their understanding and point of view towards sustainability concept countries issues, this shows unfeasibility of the vision.2.3.3. Vision TwoThere is an intensive relationship between urban transportation and its impacts on the environment due to it being directly related to life quality. The main target of vision two is life quality improvement through car use avoidance, in contrast to walking and cycling prominent. Currently, the car is a common travel mode, and the average distance travelled in a car has risen by 75% between 1980 and 2008 (DfT, 2009). Accordingly, to achieve a reduction in car use is very difficult and there are a lot of barriers because it relates to the citizens’ freedoms. Therefore it is not easy to accept and to digest such a step and to give-up car ownership. However, the contradiction and non-cooperation between the institutions related to the case and difficulties in legal measures ap plication would be another significant barrier (Banister, 2005). Moreover, causing scandalous damage to car manufacture would only serve to increase the rate of people without jobs as well as the walking and cycling leads to space strictures, and cities extension because of long distance and the lack of network quality, with harsh weather. Even though there is potential to dispose of these barriers by using technological means and strictly roads policies applying, this vision seems more efficient and applicable than others; foregoing the drawbacks, due to its compatibility to improve the tree mentioned sustainability dimensions in cities and towns. References Anair, D., & Mahmassani, A. (2012) State of charge: electric vehicles’ global warming emissions and fuel-cost savings across the United States. Union of Concerned Scientists Report. [Online] www. ucsusa. org/assets/ documents/clean_vehicles/electric-carglobal-warming-emissions-report. pdf. [Accessed November 22nd 2013] Banister, D. (2005) Unsustainable transport: City transport in the new century. Oxfordshire: Routledge publication. BCBC (2009) Walking and Cycling Strategy. Borough:Bridgend County Borough Council. [online] www. Bridgend.gov.uk [Accessed November 29th 2013]. Calle, F. R. Teelucksingh, S. Thran, D. and Seiffert, M. (2012)The potential and role of biofuels in commercial air transport-biojetfuel. London: Imperial College London IEA Bioenergy. [online] www.bioenergytrade.org/†¦/T40-Biojetfuel-Report-Sept2012.pdf [Accessed November 27th 2013]. Colantonio, A. (2007) Social Sustainability: An Exploratory Analysis of its Definition, Assessment. Methods, Metrics and Tools Measuring Social Sustainability: Best Practice from Urban Renewal in the EU. 2007/01: EIBURS Working Paper Series. Oxford Brookes University. [online] oisd.brookes.ac.uk/sustainable†¦/Social Sustainability_Metrics_and_T†¦ [Accessed November 26th 2013]. COUNCIL, P. D. (2007) Walking and Cycling Strategy. [online] http://www.hume.vic.gov.au/files/82cb922e-849b-432b-b4d1-9e0e00afba15/CW225WalkingandCyclingStrategy.pdf [Accessed November 26th 2013] DECC (2012) Overall energy consumption in the UK since 1970. Department of Energy and Climate Change. URN Publication: 12D/289. [online] www.decc.gov.uk/†¦/decc/†¦/energy-consumption/2324-overall-ener [Accessed November 26th 2013]. DfT (2009) Transport trends. London: Department for Transport. [online] http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100406130654/dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/trends/current/ [Accessed November 24th 2013]. Field, C. B. Campbell, E. and Lobell, D. B. (2008) Biomass energy: the scale of the potential resource. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Volume 23, Issue 2, 65-72. [online] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534708000098 [Accessed November 30th 2012]. Gwilliam, K. (2003) Urban transport in developing countries. [online] Transport Reviews, 23(2), 197-216. [online] http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01441640309893#.Umwm7XCb55g [Accessed November 20th 2013] HA (2003) Vision 2030 – Final report: An investigation into the long-term challenges and opportunities for the UK’s strategic highway network. Highways agency. WSP Civils. [online] Ltd.http://www.transportvisions.org.uk/documents/documents.htm [Accessed December 5th 2013]. IEA Statistics (2012) CO2 emissions from fuel consumption: Highlights. Paris: International Energy Agency, 2011 Edition. [online] www.iea.org/†¦/CO2emissionfromfuelcombustionHIGHLIGHTS.pdf [Accessed December 2nd 2012]. Job, S. (2010) Composite recycling: summary of recent research and development. Materials KTN Reports. [online] www.compositesuk.co.uk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=LXN†¦ [Accessed December 4th2012]. Kirk, B., & Eng, P. (2011) Connected vehicles: an executive overview of the status and trends. Globis Consulting, November, 21. [online] http://www.globisconsulting.ca/Connected_Vehicles_Globis_rpt.pdf [Accessed November 24th2013] Kojima, M., & Johnson, T. (2005) Potential for biofuels for transport in developing countries. [online]http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20093014861.html;jsessionid=25D728151573397D1B099BB26B4D6DF1 [Accessed November 23rd 2013] Marks, D. H. (2002) The Evolving Role of Systems Analysis in Process and Methods in Large-Scale Public Socio-Technical Systems. In Proceedings of the Engineering Systems Division (ESD) Internal Symposium (pp. 251-266). [online] http://esd.mit.edu/WPS/internal-symposium/esd-wp-2003-01.08.pdf Polese, M. and Stren, R,. (Eds.), (2000) The Social Sustainability of Cities: Diversity and the Management of Change. Toronto:University of Toronto Press. Schwaab, J.A. and Thielmann, S. (2001) Economic instruments for sustainable road transport: an overview for policy makers in developing countries. Eschborn: GTZ publication. [online] lnweb90.worldbank.org/†¦/Economic_Instruments_for_Sustainable_†¦[Accessed December 2nd 2013]. Seiler, A. (2001) Ecological effects of roads: A review. Riddarhyttan: University of Agricultural Sciences, S-73091. [online] idd00s4z.eresmas.net/doc/transp/ecoeffectsonroads.pdf [Accessed December 2rd December 2013]. Tietenberg, T. H., & Lewis, L. (2000) Environmental and natural resource economics (pp. 86-98). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. [online] http://www.dandelon.com/servlet/download/attachments/dandelon/ids/AT00182C23C6746888AE0C12570840044C6CE.pdf Tight, M. Timms, P. Banister, D. Bowmaker, J. Copas, J. Day, A. Drinkwater, D. Givoni, M. Guhnemann, A. Lawler, M. Macmillen, J. Miles, A. Moore, N. Newton, R. Ngoduy, D. Ormerod, M. O’Sullivan, M. Watling, D. (2011). Visions for a walking and cycling focussed urban transport system. Journal of Transport Geography 19, 1580–1589. Transport Policy Advisory Services, (2010) Challenges of urban transport in developing countries- a summary. [online] http://www.sutp.org/ins-pol-supporting-docs?download=391:challenges-of-urban-transport-in-developing-countries-a-summary [accessed November 20th 2013] WBCDE (2009) Vision 2050: The new Agenda for Business. Geneva: World Business Council on Sustainable Development. [online] http://www.wbcsd.org/vision2050.aspx. Wright, L., & Fulton, L. (2005). Climate change mitigation and transport in developing nations. Transport Reviews, 25(6), pp. 691-717. [online] http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/messages/downloadsexceeded.html [Accessed November 26th 2013]